- Published on
nodejs之npm包管理不完全手记
- Authors
- Name
- 林晓东
- @xiaodong5959
单独更新npm
varsu@DESKTOP-V7HEGUG MINGW64 /d/temp/npm
$ npm -v
2.15.1
varsu@DESKTOP-V7HEGUG MINGW64 /d/temp/npm
$ npm install npm --global
C:\Users\varsu\AppData\Roaming\npm\npm -> C:\Users\varsu\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js
npm@3.10.9 C:\Users\varsu\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm
varsu@DESKTOP-V7HEGUG MINGW64 /d/temp/npm
$ npm -v
3.10.9
全局安装和卸载npm包
varsu@DESKTOP-V7HEGUG MINGW64 /d/temp/npm
$ npm install forever -g
varsu@DESKTOP-V7HEGUG MINGW64 /d/temp/npm
$ npm uninstall forever -g
在当前项目中安装卸载包
D:\temp\npm>npm install underscore
D:\temp\npm
`-- underscore@1.8.3
npm WARN enoent ENOENT: no such file or directory, open 'D:\temp\npm\package.json'
npm WARN npm No description
npm WARN npm No repository field.
npm WARN npm No README data
npm WARN npm No license field.
D:\temp\npm>tree
文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 000000B9 8841:2A63
D:.
└─node_modules
└─underscore
D:\temp\npm>npm uninstall underscore
- underscore@1.8.3 node_modules\underscore
npm WARN enoent ENOENT: no such file or directory, open 'D:\temp\npm\package.json'
npm WARN npm No description
npm WARN npm No repository field.
npm WARN npm No README data
npm WARN npm No license field.
查看已经安装的包
D:\temp\npm>npm ls
D:\temp\npm
`-- underscore@1.8.3
或者加上参数-g查看全局范围安装的包
安装指定版本的包
D:\temp\npm>npm info underscore
{ name: 'underscore',
description: 'JavaScript\'s functional programming helper library.',
'dist-tags': { latest: '1.8.3', stable: '1.8.3' },
versions:
[ '1.0.3',
'1.0.4',
'1.1.0',
'1.1.1',
'1.1.2',
'1.1.3',
'1.1.4',
'1.1.5',
'1.1.6',
'1.1.7',
'1.2.0',
'1.2.1',
'1.2.2',
'1.2.3',
'1.2.4',
'1.3.0',
'1.3.1',
'1.3.2',
'1.3.3',
'1.4.0',
'1.4.1',
'1.4.2',
'1.4.3',
'1.4.4',
'1.5.0',
'1.5.1',
'1.5.2',
'1.6.0',
.............
D:\temp\npm>npm install underscore@1.6.0
D:\temp\npm
`-- underscore@1.6.0
使用package.json进行包管理
初始化一个项目，生成package.json 项目名不能有空格
D:\temp\npm>npm init
{
"name": "my_npm",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"dependencies": {},
"devDependencies": {},
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"author": "buxuku",
"license": "ISC"
}
在package.json中安装npm包
D:\temp\npm>npm install underscore --save
my_npm@1.0.0 D:\temp\npm
`-- underscore@1.8.3
D:\temp\npm>npm install babel-cli --save-dev
my_npm@1.0.0 D:\temp\npm
`-- babel-cli@6.16.0
卸载package.json中的包
D:\temp\npm>npm uninstall underscore --save
- underscore@1.8.3 node_modules\underscore
更新package.json中包的版本
D:\temp\npm>npm install gulp@2.0.0 --save-dev
检查更新
D:\temp\npm>npm outdated
Package Current Wanted Latest Location
gulp 2.0.0 2.7.0 3.9.1 my_npm
Wanted表示可以更新到的版本号，但它最新的却是3.9.1，打开package.json,我们可以看到
"devDependencies": {
"babel-cli": "^6.16.0",
"gulp": "^2.0.0"
},
包后面的^表示只更新第二位数据的版本号，如果改成~则表示只更新最后一位的版本号，如果版本号全部改成*,刚表示更新全部的版本号.
改成~
D:\temp\npm>npm outdated
Package Current Wanted Latest Location
gulp 2.0.0 2.0.1 3.9.1 my_npm
改成*
D:\temp\npm>npm outdated
Package Current Wanted Latest Location
gulp 2.0.0 3.9.1 3.9.1 my_npm
注意，一般在开发项目中最好不要改成*,因为大的版本号的更新可能会导致原来的功能不能正常使用。
使用cnpm或者nrm修改npm源
cnpm的使用参见淘宝的cnpm,这里主要使用nrm来管理切换npm使用的源
安装
D:\temp\npm>npm install nrm -g
查看可以使用的源
D:\temp\npm>nrm ls
* npm ---- https://registry.npmjs.org/
cnpm --- http://r.cnpmjs.org/
taobao - https://registry.npm.taobao.org/
nj ----- https://registry.nodejitsu.com/
rednpm - http://registry.mirror.cqupt.edu.cn/
npmMirror https://skimdb.npmjs.com/registry/
edunpm - http://registry.enpmjs.org/
测试各个源的连接速度
D:\temp\npm>nrm test
* npm ---- 1520ms
cnpm --- 300ms
taobao - 445ms
nj ----- Fetch Error
rednpm - Fetch Error
npmMirror 12046ms
edunpm - Fetch Error
切换npm的源
D:\temp\npm>nrm use cnpm
Registry has been set to: http://r.cnpmjs.org/
D:\temp\npm>nrm ls
npm ---- https://registry.npmjs.org/
* cnpm --- http://r.cnpmjs.org/
taobao - https://registry.npm.taobao.org/
nj ----- https://registry.nodejitsu.com/
rednpm - http://registry.mirror.cqupt.edu.cn/
npmMirror https://skimdb.npmjs.com/registry/
edunpm - http://registry.enpmjs.org/